برچسب: Lucien

  • How Hardware Wallets Keep Your Crypto Safe | by Lucien Bourdon | Jun, 2025


    Buying crypto is easy. Securing it puts you in control.

    If you’ve wondered whether exchanges are really safe, or what it means to “hold your own keys,” you’re not alone.

    This article is for anyone who wants to take the next step: to understand what self-custody really means, why it matters, and how a hardware wallet helps you protect what’s yours.

    Buying crypto is just the beginning. The most important part is you secure it.

    Most people start by keeping crypto on an exchange or in an app. It’s easy, but it comes with a cost: you’re trusting someone else to hold your money. And if that platform gets hacked, freezes your account, or shuts down, your assets could disappear overnight.

    Self-custody changes that. It means you, and only you, control the private keys that unlock your crypto. No third parties or gatekeepers.

    Crypto was built on the idea of independence. Self-custody puts that into practice. It’s a shift in mindset: you’re not just investing, you’re owning your financial future.

    A hardware wallet is a tool built for one purpose: keeping your crypto keys safe by keeping them offline.

    When you set it up, your private keys are created inside the device, and they never leave it.

    Even when plugged into your phone or computer, the wallet doesn’t share those keys. Instead, it signs transactions internally, then sends only the signed data out. Your keys stay isolated from the internet at all times.

    This is called cold storage, and it’s the foundation of how hardware wallets protect your crypto.

    The reason offline storage matters is simple: most online threats rely on access.

    Malware, phishing attacks, and remote exploits all try to steal your private keys. But with a hardware wallet, the keys never touch your computer or phone, so your crypto stays safe even if those are compromised.

    Each transaction must be physically confirmed on the device. You see exactly what you’re approving before anything is sent, which prevents invisible tampering.

    The wallet runs minimal, purpose-built code. No extra apps. No background processes. That simplicity reduces the ways something can go wrong.

    It’s this combination — offline isolation, physical confirmation, and minimal attack surface — that gives hardware wallets their unmatched level of protection.

    Crypto wallets fall into two main types: software and hardware.

    • A software wallet is an app on your phone or computer. It’s great for quick access and small payments, but because it’s connected to the internet, your keys are more exposed.
    • A hardware wallet stores your keys offline in a separate device. This makes it much harder for hackers or malware to access your funds.

    Use a software wallet if you are transacting often, and a hardware wallet for long-term saving.

    A good rule of thumb: only keep in a software wallet what you’d carry in cash.

    By combining both, you get the best of both worlds: speed and convenience for daily use, security, and peace of mind for long-term storage.

    A hardware wallet protects your keys, but you’re still responsible for backing them up.

    When you set up your wallet, it gives you a backup: a list of words to write down and store safely, also called a seed phrase or recovery seed.

    Never share your backup, store it digitally, or enter it into an internet-connected device. If someone else gets access to it, they can take your funds; no hacking required.

    If your wallet goes missing, your backup gets you back on track.

    Want to go deeper? Read our full guide to wallet backups.

    Trezor was the first hardware wallet ever created, launched in 2014. Since then, it’s become one of the most trusted tools for Bitcoin and crypto self-custody.

    Its software and firmware are fully open source, meaning anyone can review and test the code. This kind of transparency helps ensure the security behind the device is real, not just claimed.

    Trezor is designed to make self-custody simple. Setting up a wallet is beginner-friendly, and advanced features are available when you’re ready to use them.

    Your keys never leave the device. No one (not even Trezor) can access your funds, freeze your account, or act on your behalf.

    Behind Trezor is a security-first team and a global community that values privacy, personal freedom, and open technology. And if you ever need help, our support team is here to assist — real people ready to guide you.

    Getting started with Trezor is simple. The device guides you through setup step by step, and the Trezor Suite app makes it easy to manage your wallet.

    Once your wallet is set up, the most important step is to test and secure your recovery backup. Trezor Suite includes a built-in check so you can make sure everything is written down correctly before you need it.

    After that, you’re ready to send and receive crypto.

    If you want personal guidance, Trezor Expert offers one-on-one onboarding. A team member will walk you through setup, answer your questions, and help you feel fully in control from the start.

    Taking control of your crypto comes with responsibility, but it also brings peace of mind.

    With a hardware wallet, you know your keys are safe, and your money is truly yours.



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  • Trezor Wallet Backups Explained: BIP-39 (12 or 24 words) vs. SLIP-39 (20 words) | by Lucien Bourdon | Apr, 2025


    Which Trezor devices support SLIP-39 backups?

    SLIP-39 backups are supported by Trezor Model T, Trezor Safe 3, and Trezor Safe 5.

    Can I upgrade my existing BIP-39 wallet to SLIP-39 directly?

    No. SLIP-39 is a different backup standard. To switch, you’ll need to create a new SLIP-39 wallet and transfer your funds to it.

    Can I upgrade a SLIP-39 backup later?

    Yes. If you start with a 20-word Single-Share backup, you can upgrade to a Multi-Share setup anytime using Trezor Suite. Your original backup will still work unless you choose to retire it.

    Can I use a passphrase with BIP-39 and SLIP-39?

    Yes, but it introduces a new single point of failure. If you lose or forget the passphrase, your wallet can’t be recovered, even with the correct backup. Make sure you write it down and don’t lose it.

    What if Trezor stops making hardware wallets?

    BIP-39 and SLIP-39 are open standards supported by multiple wallets. Even if Trezor were unavailable, you could recover your wallet using other compatible devices or software.

    Is SLIP-39 compatible with multisig?

    Yes. SLIP-39 can be used to securely back up one of the keys in a multisig wallet. If the original device is lost or unavailable, the key can be restored using the SLIP-39 shares and imported to a new device.

    How many shares can I create with SLIP-39?

    Up to 16 shares. More shares can offer more flexibility, but they’re also harder to keep track of.

    What happens if I lose a SLIP-39 share?

    As long as you still have the required number of shares (the threshold), you can recover your wallet. With fewer than the threshold, recovery is not possible — and no usable information about the wallet or keys can be extracted. If you believe one or more shares may have been compromised, it’s safest to create a new wallet and move your funds.

    Why use Multi-Share instead of just splitting a regular backup myself?

    SLIP-39 uses cryptography to split your backup securely. Any number of shares fewer than the threshold reveal nothing on their own. Manually splitting a BIP-39 phrase (e.g. writing half in one place, half in another) doesn’t offer the same protection and increases the risk of accidental loss or compromise.

    What is the difference between a 12-word and a 24-word BIP-39 backup? Is 24 words safer?

    A 24-word backup has more entropy, but a 12-word backup is already unguessable in practice. Even with billions of supercomputers, it would take longer than the age of the universe to brute-force.

    What matters most isn’t the number of words — it’s keeping your backup safe, private, and offline.

    Why does SLIP-39 use 20 words?

    SLIP-39 uses 20 words because each share includes extra information — like group and threshold data — and a stronger checksum to detect errors. The longer format helps ensure each share is unique, verifiable, and secure.

    Should I upgrade to SLIP-39?

    If your BIP-39 backup is secure and works well for you, there’s no urgent need to switch. However, if you’re looking for enhanced security, flexibility, or worry about a single point of failure, SLIP-39 might be a better option.



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  • Protect Your Wealth: 7 Steps to Secure Your Wallet Backup | by Lucien Bourdon


    Imagine this: you’ve started your journey into cryptocurrency, excited about financial independence and the promise of security beyond traditional banking. You’ve worked hard to build up your assets, watching your balance grow and feeling confident that your funds are safe in your hands — far from third-party control. But there’s one crucial detail that might be slipping through the cracks — your wallet backup.

    Now, picture this: one day, you go to access your wallet, but your device is unresponsive or, worse, missing. At that moment, all your wealth hangs on a single factor: your wallet backup. Whether your funds remain secure or are lost forever depends entirely on how carefully you look after your backup.

    This scenario isn’t just theoretical; countless individuals have discovered the hard way that without a reliable wallet backup, assets can disappear with no way to retrieve them. The good news? With a proper backup, stored carefully, you can prevent this entirely. Follow these steps, and you’ll ensure your funds remain secure and accessible — no matter what happens to your device.

    Important Reminder: Never reveal your wallet backup to anyone, and never type it on a computer, phone, or in any app. Your backup allows direct access to your funds, and exposing it to others or to a connected device puts your assets at risk.



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  • How to Fix a Stuck Bitcoin Transaction: Solutions and Tips (RBF & CPFP Explained) | by Lucien Bourdon | Feb, 2025


    What is a satoshi?

    A satoshi (sat) is the smallest unit of Bitcoin.

    • 1 satoshi = 0.00 000 001 BTC
    • Bitcoin transaction fees are measured in satoshis per virtual byte (sat/vB) — higher sat/vB means faster confirmation.

    What does sat/vB mean?

    • sat/vB = satoshis per virtual byte (the fee rate for your transaction).
    • Fees depend on transaction size, not the amount of Bitcoin sent.
    • The higher the fee rate (sat/vB), the more likely miners will prioritize your transaction.

    How long do Bitcoin transactions take to confirm?

    Bitcoin transactions are typically confirmed within 10–60 minutes, but it depends on the fee rate, network congestion, and transaction size. High-fee transactions confirm faster, while low-fee ones may take several hours or even days if the network is busy. You can speed up confirmation using RBF or CPFP if needed.

    How long should I wait before taking action?

    If your transaction is unconfirmed for a few hours and fees remain high, consider using RBF or CPFP.

    If the network is less busy, waiting 12–24 hours may be enough.

    Can I cancel a Bitcoin transaction?

    No, Bitcoin transactions cannot be canceled once they are broadcast to the network.
    However, if your transaction is marked as “replaceable” (RBF-enabled), you can replace it with a higher-fee transaction or send it to a different address. This effectively overrides the original transaction.

    What is Replace-by-Fee (RBF)?

    RBF lets you replace an unconfirmed transaction with a higher-fee version to speed up confirmation.

    • Only works if RBF was enabled when the transaction was sent.
    • Trezor Suite enables RBF by default.

    What is Child Pays for Parent (CPFP)?

    CPFP lets you spend an unconfirmed transaction with a higher fee, so miners will confirm both at the same time.

    • Use CPFP if you received Bitcoin with a low fee and want to speed it up.
    • If you sent Bitcoin but can’t use RBF, CPFP may work if you have an unconfirmed change output available.

    What is a mempool, and what is mempool.space?

    A mempool (short for “memory pool”) is a temporary holding area where unconfirmed Bitcoin transactions wait before being added to a block. Each Bitcoin node has its own mempool, and miners select transactions from it based on fee priority — higher-fee transactions get confirmed first.

    mempool.space is a block explorer that lets you view the Bitcoin network’s mempool in real time, including current fee estimates and transaction status. It’s a useful tool for checking whether your transaction will likely be confirmed soon.

    Other Bitcoin block explorers include:

    Tip: If you want to track a specific transaction, find the TXID in Trezor Suite and paste it into a block explorer like mempool.space or Trezor’s explorer.

    What is Mempool Accelerator™?

    Mempool Accelerator™ is a third-party service that lets you pay miners directly to confirm your transaction faster.

    • Works even if you’re not the sender or receiver of the transaction.
    • Useful when RBF or CPFP isn’t an option.
    • Always check the service’s terms and fees before using it.

    For more details, visit the Mempool Accelerator page.

    Do RBF and CPFP only work for Bitcoin?

    No, these techniques also work for other UTXO-based cryptocurrencies, including:

    • Bitcoin (BTC)
    • Litecoin (LTC)
    • Bitcoin Cash (BCH)
    • Bitcoin SV (BSV)
    • Dogecoin (DOGE)

    For Ethereum and similar blockchains, fee bumping works differently, usually by increasing the gas price of a pending transaction.



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